Job and organizational satisfaction. Multilevel strategic perspective model and index
Keywords:
state-owned enterprise, index, model, shared perception, job and organizational satisfactionAbstract
Objective: To analyze job and organizational satisfaction using a model and index that articulate strategic, systemic, subjective, and multilevel aspects from a complexity perspective, for management feedback in the Cuban state-owned enterprise.
Materials and methods: A mixed, concurrent, descriptive model was adopted, in the form of a single-case study, under a constructive-interpretative conception. Participant observation, analysis of official documents, focused interviews, free word association, and a questionnaire, were used in a probability sample of 41 subjects. It was statistically processed using the SPSS version 25 and Ucinet version six computer programs.
Results: An interpretive satisfaction model was designed for the company, and the subjective structure of shared perception was identified. The measurement revealed the status of 26 multilevel descriptors and provided sub-indexes for extrinsic (48 %) and intrinsic (52 %) satisfaction, which formed the overall index (50 %). The priority index was determined by descriptors and levels.The variables of gender, occupation, and seniority did not differ significantly, consistent with current research. This was not the case with the training variable, where a difference was found between the basic level (low satisfaction) and the rest (medium satisfaction).
Conclusions: The enterprise studied achieved a medium level of satisfaction, verifying a balanced coexistence of forms (extrinsic and intrinsic) and the subjective production of ambivalent feelings about work and the organization. The Cuban state-owned enterprise requires further systematization of the satisfaction model and index.
Downloads
References
Abu, T., Al-Hyari, H. S. M., Almomani, H. M., Ababne, A., Abu Huson, Y., Ahmed, E., & Albanna, H. (2023). A bibliometric review of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in businesses area literatures. Human Systems Management, 43(3), 407-430. https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/hsya/43/3
Alkandi, I. G., Khan, M. A., Fallatah, M., Alabdulhadi, A., Alanizan, S., & Alharbi, J. (2023). The Impact of Incentive and Reward Systems on Employee Performance in the Saudi Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Industrial Sectors: A Mediating Influence of Employee Job Satisfaction. Sustainability, 15(4), 3415. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043415
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., Sanz-Vergel, A., & Rodríguez-Muñoz, A. (2023). La teoría de las Demandas y Recursos Laborales: Nuevos Desarrollos en la Última Década. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 39(3), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2023a17
Borrás, F., & Arango, H. (2020). La gestión de los intangibles en la industria cubana de software. Economía y Desarrollo, 16(2), 1-15. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0252-85842020000200008
Castro de, C., & Pedreño, A. (2025). En busca de la crítica. Encrucijadas. Revista Crítica De Ciencias Sociales, 25(1), r2502. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/encrucijadas/article/view/111348
Chiang-Vega, M., Hidalgo-Ortiz, J. P., & Gómez-Fuentealba, N. (2021). Efecto de la satisfacción laboral y la confianza sobre el clima organizacional, mediante ecuaciones estructurales. RETOS. Revista de Ciencias de la Administración y Economía, 11(22), 347-362. http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1390-86182021000200347
Chigori, D. T. (2024). Worker well-being in the digital economy: Lens through bibliometrics analysis. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 22, a2773. https://sajhrm.co.za/index.php/sajhrm/article/view/2773
Ctitor, M., Vinogradov, S., & Suhajda, C. J. (2025) Human Capital and Job Satisfaction: Trends and Insights from a Bibliometric Perspective. ÚJ MUNKAÜGYI SZEMLE, 6(3), 81-91. https://real.mtak.hu/221501/1/UjMunkaugyiSzemle2025_3_7.cikk-SZERGEJetal-175284215231154.pdf
Cuesta, A. (2020). Evaluación de la satisfacción laboral según la ISO 9001: 2015. Cofin Habana, 14(1). http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2073-60612020000100006&lng=es&tlng=es.
Deroncele, A. (2022). Competencia epistémica: rutas para investigar. Revista Universidad y Sociedad, 14(1), 102-118. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2218-36202022000100102&lng=es&tlng=es.
Deroncele-Acosta, A., Brito-Garcías, J. G., Sánchez-Trujillo, M. de los A., Delgado-Nery, Y. M., & Medina-Zuta, P. (2023). Método de modelación teórico-práctica en ciencias sociales. Revista Universidad y Sociedad, 15(3), 366-384. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2218-36202023000300366&lng=es&tlng=en.
Fernández, Y., Espinosa, V., & Víctores, J. (2021). Salario y desarrollo empresarial socialista: desafíos de la empresa estatal cubana. Revista Cubana de Administración Pública y Empresarial-APYE, 5(2), e169. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512635
Fernández, Y., Llamos, M. de L., & Espinosa, V. (2025). Satisfacción laboral y organizacional. Una alternativa estratégica y multinivel de medición. Opuntia Brava, 17(3), 162–176. https://opuntiabrava.ult.edu.cu/index.php/opuntiabrava/article/view/2397
Gomes, G., Coelho, A., & Ribeiro, N. (2025). A systematic literature review on sustainable HRM and its relations with employees' attitudes: state of art and future research agenda. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 12(1), 37–56. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/14862
González, R. F., & Mitjánz, M. A. (2021). Subjetividad: teoría, epistemología y método. Alínea. https://www.amazon.com/-/es/Fernando-Luis-Gonz%C3%A1lez-Rey-ebook/dp/B09HVV92ZN
Grados, L. F. (2023). Propiedades psicométricas de una escala de satisfacción laboral en una empresa transnacional. Liberabit, 29(1), e681. http://dx.doi.org//10.24265/liberabit.2023.v29n1.681
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076546
Hitka, M., Lorincova, S., Rouland, Z., & Lipoldova, M. (2023). Motivation program in small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises basedon de preference for needs. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 24(3), 471–488. https://hdl.handle.net/10419/317634
Hitka, M., Schmidtová, J., Lorincová, S., Štarchoň, P., Weberová, D., & Kampf, R. (2021). Sustainability of Human Resource Management Processes through Employee Motivation and Job Satisfaction. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, 18(2), 7-27. https://real-j.mtak.hu/21037/2/APH_2021_18_02_.pdf
Jana, B., Rautaray, B., Swain, D. K., & Swain, C. (2025). Research Trends on Motivation and Job Satisfaction: A Scientometric Analysis. F1000Research, 14, 703-716. https://f1000research.com/articles/14-703/v1
Johnson, J. V., & Hall, E. M. (1988). Job Strain, Work place social support and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study of a random sample of the Swedish working population. American Journal of Public Health, 78(10), 1336-1342. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1349434/
Judijanto, L. (2025). Bibliometric Analysis of Work Envinronment and Employee Job Satisfaction. The Eastasouth Management and Business, 3(03), 495–506. https://doi.org/10.58812/esmb.v3i03.571
Karasek, R. (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 285-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2392498
Katebi, A., HajiZadeh, M. H., Bordbar, A., & Salehi, A. M. (2022). The relationship between “job satisfaction” and “job performance”: A meta-analysis. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 23(1), 21-42. https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/gjofsm/v23y2022i1d10.1007_s40171-021-00280-y.html
Lainé N. C. (2023). Estudio de la satisfacción laboral en un grupo de organizaciones cubanas. Revista cubana de Psicología, 5(8), 15-46. https://revistas.uh.cu/psicocuba/article/view/8279/7065
Martín, L. J. (2023). El trabajo: un concepto discutible. Temas, (115-116), 1-5. https://temas.cult.cu/revista/articulo/27
Montané-Marsal, N., & Cuesta-Santos, A. (2020). Activos intangibles y su influencia en la eficiencia económica de un banco cubano. Ingeniería Industrial, 41(3), e4124. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=360465197004
Pupo, G. B. (2018). Tecnología para la gestión del clima organizacional con enfoque estratégico y sistémico [Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Holguín, Cuba]. Archivo digital. https://books.google.com.cu/books/about/Tecnolog%C3%ADa_para_la_gesti%C3%B3n_del_clima_o.html?id=tVVPyQEACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Ryan, R., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory. Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. The Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806
Sampieri, R., & Mendoza, C. P. (2023). Metodología de la investigación. Las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta (2a Ed.). McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España S.L. https://www.ecobook.com/libros/metodologia-de-la-investigacion-las-rutas-cuantitativa-cualitativa-y-mixta/9781456294915/
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Management Challenges
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
